Bharati’s Poetry in 4 Volumes

Mahakavi Bharatiyar Kavithaigal

Edited by S. Vijaya Bharati, Bharati’s granddaughter.

All 4 Volumes of Mahakavi Bharati’s poems have now been published! You can buy them from amazon.com

by clicking on the following links:

VOLUME 1 – DESIYAM (National Poems):

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Desiyam-Tamil/dp/1508658404/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-1&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

“His powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils.”

Bharati was an ardent Indian nationalist, an impassioned advocate of social reform, and a pioneer of the Freedom movement in early twentieth-century South India. He belonged to the extremist party of the Indian National Congress, and worked alongside the great leaders of the Freedom movement, including Tilak, Lajpat Roy, Bipin Chandra Paul, and Sri Aurobindo, from the North; and G. Subramania Iyer, V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva, and Surendranath Arya in the South. Bharati’s contribution was unique – as a journalist and writer, his powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils. A true visionary, he anticipated freedom and independence for the three hundred million Indians of his day, at a time when the entire world was dominated by British Imperial force and a decline in British power seemed unthinkable. For Bharati, freedom meant freedom at every level – political, social, and personal – and for every individual, irrespective of caste, colour, gender, or religion.

VOLUME 2 – DEIVAM – THATHUVAM (Devotional and Philosophical Poems):

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Deivam-Thathuvam-Tamil/dp/1511584432/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-3&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

“Ekam Sat: Truth is one.”

Bharati’s Devotional and Philosophical poems sing of the various aspects of God by different names: Vinayagar (Moolam, the source of Creation), Murugan (Light and Beauty), Lakshmi (Wealth), Saraswati (Knowledge, Wisdom, and Inspiration), Shakti (Energy) – Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver) and Rudra, Siva (the Destroyer), and so on.

Bharati’s philosophy of life was drawn from the findings of the Vedic Seers: Ekam Sat (“Truth is one.”). This principle was the basis of the Hindu philosophy of Advaita, founded by Adi Sankaracharya. The Vedic Seers’ concept of God (Paramporul) was two-fold: Being (Siva) and Energy (Shakti) – Man and Woman – Absolute and Relative; the rishis saw the various aspects of God even in the infinitesimal forms of Nature, and worshipped them.

On the basis of the Advaitic principle, that all is one, Bharati aspired to establish a Kruta Yuga, a new era, in which the equality of all beings is recognized – the animate, and even inanimate, objects of Creation. This is the state of Immortality, the life of a Deva – a life in which there is no death, sickness, or inequality, and there is freedom and happiness for all.

VOLUME 3 – KANNAN PATTU – PANCHALI SABATHAM – KUYIL PATTU

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Pattu-Panchali-Sabatham-Kuyil/dp/1511709715/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-4&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

This volume includes 3 of Bharati’s major works, treasures of poetry and philosophy that deserve a place among the classics of world literature. Panchali Sabatham has long been known as a modern Tamil epic, in the millennia-long tradition of classical Tamil literature, and the unforgettable Kannan and Kuyil poems are poetical narratives of sparkling fantasy, engaging humour, and divine insight.

Kannan Pattu (Songs of Kannan):

“These are more than mere ideas…”

“Preoccupied from the earliest times with divine knowledge and religious aspirations, the Indian mind has turned all forms of human life and emotion[,] and all [the] phenomena of the universe, into symbols and means, by which[,] the embodied soul may strive after and grasp the Supreme.”

“These are more than mere ideas,” says Bharati, and he has carried this experience of life to the “extreme possibilities.” In his Kannan Songs, dedicated to Krishna, Bharati’s devotion has “especially seized upon the most intimate human relations.” These relations are not just “symbolic” to Bharati. He has experienced them, in a real and advaitic sense, as he saw his own ‘self,’as well as all other forms of creation, as manifestations of God.

Panchali Sabatham (The Vow of Panchali):

“. . . an epic which revives and gives new life to Tamil language.”

The story of Panchali Sabatham was selected from the great Indian epic, Mahabharata. The war between the Pandavas and the Kauvaras described in this epic was the theme of the Bhagavad Gita, the core of Hindu scripture. And Panchali, the heroine of this “modern Tamil epic,” was Bharati’s own vision of a new woman (pudumai penn) who embodied his ideal of free womanhood and her place in Indian culture.

Kuyil Pattu (The Song of the Kuyil):

“ . . . discover, if you can, the hidden meaning of this fantasy,”

As the poet tells it, as he was sitting under a tree in a mango-grove in Pondicherry one day, when he fell into a dream…Kuyil Pattu was the result. It is the work of the poet’s imagination, a “fantasy.” The story is extraordinary enough for legend – the tale of a damsel, and her two lives, first, as the daughter of a hunter, and, second, as a beautiful little bird, the kuyil – which is known, like its Western counterpart the nightingale, for its lovely song.

The theme of the story is eternal Love. At the end, Bharati concludes by writing that the story may have some philosophical implications, and invites the Tamil pandits to discover what might be the hidden meaning of this fantasy.

VOLUME 4 – BHARATI VAZHKKAIYUM PIRA PADALGALUM (Bharati’s Autobiographical and Other Poems)

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Vazhkkaiyum-Padalgalum/dp/1511916311/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-2&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

“You are Rati, the Goddess of Love! I surrender myself to you . . .”

What better source than Bharati’s own, autobiographical poems, Kanavu (Dream) and Bharati Arubattaru (66 stanzas in Bharati’s life), to tell us truthfully about the poet’s life?

This 4th Volume is a collection of autobiographical poems, as well as other poems on several themes, including Love, Nature, and Greetings to the great people of his times. Of these, the poems that he wrote on his wife, Chellamma, form an important part, as they depict the special contribution made by the poet’s wife to his life and work. She was beautiful, understanding, and totally dedicated to her husband; she managed the poet’s difficulties and transformed his life into the life of a deva.

Katchi (Vision) was formerly published as Vachana Kavithai (Prose Poem), and is a work of monumental literary and spiritual significance. Katchi may be considered modern Veda Mantras that Bharati wrote in Tamil. The language and content of these mantras are new creations in form, style, and imagination, unique in the history of Tamil literature.

The books are also available on Amazon’s websites all over the world. Just go to your national Amazon sites:

Amazon UK: amazon.co.uk

Amazon India: amazon.in

Amazon France, amazon.fr

Amazon Germany, amazon.de

and search for “Mahakavi Bharati.” You can pay in your local currency, and may receive the books even sooner.

These four Volumes of Bharati’s poetry, edited and published by the Mahakavi’s granddaughter, fill a vacuum in Bharati studies by providing the first-ever Standard Edition of C. Subramania Bharati’s Works. It is a primary work of its kind, and supercedes all publication of the poet’s works to-date.

More Good News!

Blog Editor Mira T. Sundara Rajan writes:

The Standard Edition is now complete!

All 4 Volumes of Mahakavi Bharati’s poems have now been published! The books are available on Amazon. You can buy them from amazon.com by clicking on the following links.

Volume 1 – Desiyam:

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Desiyam-Tamil/dp/1508658404/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-1&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

Volume 2 – Deivam – Thathuvam:

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Deivam-Thathuvam-Tamil/dp/1511584432/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-3&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

Volume 3 – Kannan Pattu – Panchali Sabatham – Kuyil Pattu

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Pattu-Panchali-Sabatham-Kuyil/dp/1511709715/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-4&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

Volume 4 – Bharati Vazhkkaiyum Pira Padalgalum

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Vazhkkaiyum-Padalgalum/dp/1511916311/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1436580228&sr=8-2&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

The books are also available on Amazon’s websites all over the world. Just go to your national Amazon site (Amazon UK, amazon.co.uk; Amazon India, amazon.in; Amazon France, amazon.fr; Amazon Germany, amazon.de…) and search for “Mahakavi Bharati.” You can pay in your local currency, and may receive the books even sooner.

A summary of each volume follows:

Mahakavi Bharatiyar Kavithaigal (4 Volumes)

Edited by S. Vijaya Bharati, Bharati’s granddaughter.

Volume 1: Desiyam (National Poems)

“His powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils.”

Bharati was an ardent Indian nationalist, an impassioned advocate of social reform, and a pioneer of the Freedom movement in early twentieth-century South India. He belonged to the extremist party of the Indian National Congress, and worked alongside the great leaders of the Freedom movement, including Tilak, Lajpat Roy, Bipin Chandra Paul, and Sri Aurobindo, from the North; and G. Subramania Iyer, V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva, and Surendranath Arya in the South. Bharati’s contribution was unique – as a journalist and writer, his powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils. A true visionary, he anticipated freedom and independence for the three hundred million Indians of his day, at a time when the entire world was dominated by British Imperial force and a decline in British power seemed unthinkable. For Bharati, freedom meant freedom at every level – political, social, and personal – and for every individual, irrespective of caste, colour, gender, or religion. Almost a century later, has modern India fully caught up to his ideals?

Volume 2: Deivam-Thathuvam (Devotional and Philosophical Poems)

“Ekam Sat: Truth is one.”

Bharati’s Devotional and Philosophical poems sing of the various aspects of God by different names: Vinayagar (Moolam, the source of Creation), Murugan (Light and Beauty), Lakshmi (Wealth), Saraswati (Knowledge, Wisdom, and Inspiration), Shakti (Energy) – Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver) and Rudra, Siva (the Destroyer), and so on.

Bharati’s philosophy of life was drawn from the findings of the Vedic Seers: Ekam Sat (“Truth is one.”). This principle was the basis of the Hindu philosophy of Advaita, founded by Adi Sankaracharya. The Vedic Seers’ concept of God (Paramporul) was two-fold: Being (Siva) and Energy (Shakti) – Man and Woman – Absolute and Relative; the rishis saw the various aspects of God even in the infinitesimal forms of Nature, and worshipped them.

On the basis of the Advaitic principle, that all is one, Bharati aspired to establish a Kruta Yuga, a new era, in which the equality of all beings is recognized – the animate, and even inanimate, objects of Creation. This is the state of Immortality, the life of a Deva – a life in which there is no death, sickness, or inequality, and there is freedom and happiness for all.

Volume 3: Kannan Pattu, Panchali Sabatham, Kuyil Pattu

This volume includes 3 of Bharati’s major works, treasures of poetry and philosophy that deserve a place among the classics of world literature. Panchali Sabatham has long been known as a modern Tamil epic, in the millennia-long tradition of classical Tamil literature, and the unforgettable Kannan and Kuyil poems are poetical narratives of sparkling fantasy, engaging humour, and divine insight.

Kannan Pattu (Songs of Kannan):

“These are more than mere ideas…”

“Preoccupied from the earliest times with divine knowledge and religious aspirations, the Indian mind has turned all forms of human life and emotion[,] and all [the] phenomena of the universe, into symbols and means, by which[,] the embodied soul may strive after and grasp the Supreme.”

“These are more than mere ideas,” says Bharati, and he has carried this experience of life to the “extreme possibilities.” In his Kannan Songs, dedicated to Krishna, Bharati’s devotion has “especially seized upon the most intimate human relations.” These relations are not just “symbolic” to Bharati. He has experienced them, in a real and advaitic sense, as he saw his own ‘self,’as well as all other forms of creation, as manifestations of God.

Panchali Sabatham (The Vow of Panchali):

“. . . an epic which revives and gives new life to Tamil language.”

The story of Panchali Sabatham was selected from the great Indian epic, Mahabharata. The war between the Pandavas and the Kauvaras described in this epic was the theme of the Bhagavad Gita, the core of Hindu scripture. And Panchali, the heroine of this “modern Tamil epic,” was Bharati’s own vision of a new woman (pudumai penn) who embodied his ideal of free womanhood and her place in Indian culture.

Kuyil Pattu:

“ . . . discover, if you can, the hidden meaning of this fantasy,”

As the poet tells it, as he was sitting under a tree in a mango-grove in Pondicherry one day, when he fell into a dream…Kuyil Pattu was the result. It is the work of the poet’s imagination, a “fantasy.” The story is extraordinary enough for legend – the tale of a damsel, and her two lives, first, as the daughter of a hunter, and, second, as a beautiful little bird, the kuyil – which is known, like its Western counterpart the nightingale, for its lovely song.

The theme of the story is eternal Love. At the end, Bharati concludes by writing that the story may have some philosophical implications, and invites the Tamil pandits to discover what might be the hidden meaning of this fantasy.

Volume 4: Bharati’s Autobiographical and Other Poems

“You are Rati, the Goddess of Love! I surrender myself to you . . .”

What better source than Bharati’s own, autobiographical poems, Kanavu (Dream) and Bharati Arubattaru (66 stanzas in Bharati’s life), to tell us truthfully about the poet’s life?

This 4th Volume is a collection of autobiographical poems, as well as other poems on several themes, including Love, Nature, and Greetings to the great people of his times. Of these, the poems that he wrote on his wife, Chellamma, form an important part, as they depict the special contribution made by the poet’s wife to his life and work. She was beautiful, understanding, and totally dedicated to her husband; she managed the poet’s difficulties and transformed his life into the life of a deva.

Katchi (Vision) was formerly published as Vachana Kavithai (Prose Poem), and is a work of monumental literary and spiritual significance. Katchi may be considered modern Veda Mantras that Bharati wrote in Tamil. The language and content of these mantras are new creations in form, style, and imagination, unique in the history of Tamil literature.

These four Volumes of Bharati’s poetry, edited and published by the Mahakavi’s granddaughter, fill a vacuum in Bharati studies by providing the first-ever Standard Edition of C. Subramania Bharati’s Works. It is a primary work of its kind, and supercedes all publication of the poet’s works to-date.

 

Good News!

Blog Editor Mira T. Sundara Rajan writes:

This week is a historic week in Bharati studies. For the first time, an authoritative, STANDARD EDITION of the poet’s works is available to his readers. S. Vijaya Bharati, the poet’s granddaughter and leading Bharati scholar, has just published Mahakavi Bharatiyar Kavithaigal: Volume 1 – Desiyam, with extensive notes and commentary on the poet’s life and works. It is now available for purchase directly from Amazon’s website. Here is the link for the book (from Amazon.com):

http://www.amazon.com/Mahakavi-Bharatiyar-Kavithaigal-Desiyam-Tamil/dp/1508658404/ref=sr_1_1/177-4324746-9482759?ie=UTF8&qid=1428266801&sr=8-1&keywords=mahakavi+bharati

The poet, himself, has been waiting for this day since 1921! Vijaya Bharati, and her husband P.K. Sundara Rajan, have been working towards the publication of this standard edition for the past ten years.

The STANDARD EDITION of Bharati’s poems includes:

Volume 1: Desiyam (National)

Volume 2: Deivam-Thathuvam (Devotional and Philosophical)

Volume 3: Kannan Pattu, Panchali Sabatham , Kuyil Pattu

Volume 4:   Bharati’s Autobiographical and Other Poems including Katchi (Vision)

Availability of Volumes 2, 3, and 4 is pending, and will be announced with blog updates in the coming days.

The description of the book follows (and a short version also appears on Amazon):

“His powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils.”

This book is a work of historic importance: the first volume in a new, four-volume STANDARD EDITION of Mahakavi C. Subramania Bharati’s poems. Edited by his granddaughter and leading Bharati scholar, S. Vijaya Bharati, this Standard Edition represents the first authoritative publication of Bharati’s works since the poet’s death in 1921. Bharati’s poems are published in comprehensive and error-free form, organized according to the various themes addressed in his writing, and presented to the reader as the poet meant for them to be read. The Editor has meticulously prepared these volumes in authentic and modern Tamil spelling that accurately conveys the rhythm of Bharati’s poetry, while remaining easy of access to the modern reader. These volumes include invaluable and authoritative commentary on the poet’s life and analysis of his work, and they reproduce key historical documents that reflect the history of Bharati’s writings. As such, they are suitable for all Bharati-lovers – from the general reader interested in Bharati’s poetry, to scholars in search of an authentic, reliable, and authoritative text.

C SUBRAMANIA BHARATI (1882-1921) was the most important writer and thinker of the twentieth century in the Tamil language. Now known as an Indian National Poet, Bharati holds the unique title of Mahakavi, the greatest of poets. His importance for the Tamil language and literature today can only be compared to that of Shakespeare in the English-speaking world. Bharati’s writings sparked a renaissance in Tamil literature. While he drew his inspiration from ancient sources of literature, in both the Tamil and Sanskrit traditions, his works were truly innovative, and, in form and expression, established a new modernity.

At the time of Bharati’s premature death in 1921, when the poet was 38 years old, much of his work remained unpublished. For the works that had been published, the poet himself had no opportunity to edit or publish them in a standard edition as he wished to do. His attempts to raise support for the publication of his works fell afoul of the British government of the day, and were largely unsuccessful.

After Bharati’s death, his family members made several attempts to publish his works. Notably, Chellamma Bharati, the poet’s wife, was keenly interested in bringing out her husband’s writings, and published two volumes of his work under the name Bharati Ashramam; but she was greatly hampered in her efforts by poverty and the difficulties faced by women, and widows, in her time. Later attempts were made by Bharati’s half-brother Viswanatha Iyer (Bharati Prachuralayam) and the Government of Madras. In 1954, the government “gave” the poet’s works to the people of India. Since that time, numerous commercial publishers have taken advantage of the opportunity to publish the works of this well-known and important writer. The result has been a proliferation of books filled with errors, many of which present works that were never actually written by Bharati at all.

Most of these publications violate the moral rights of the poet. The poet’s great granddaughter, Mira T. Sundara Rajan, is an expert on copyright matters, and she has emphasized the value of the author’s moral rights of “attribution” and “integrity” in protecting our literary heritage. She noted the injustices done in the handling of Bharati’s works in a scholarly article on this subject, published in 2001. The principle of respect for the poet’s moral rights has provided the fundamental basis on which the STANDARD EDITION has been prepared, and is now offered to the public.

The role of Bharati’s family in preserving this important national literature should be recognized. The poet established a family oral tradition surrounding his own work, teaching his poems to his wife and two daughters, who subsequently taught the poems to their own children. S. Vijaya Bharati is not only a Bharati scholar with some four decades of experience in research; she was also raised by the poet’s wife, Chellamma, and his daughter, Thangammal, giving her privileged access to information and knowledge that can help to establish the authenticity of the poems by tracing their origin to the poet, himself.

Highlights include:

  • The painstaking selection of poems offered, which eliminates the questionable selections in unauthorized versions, respecting the poet’s own rights to attribution, integrity, and the disclosure of his works.
  • A detailed list of unauthorized poems is provided to assist readers with tracing the publication history of Bharati’s works.
  • The poems are categorized and assembled in a new and useful system of organization.
  • Previous changes to titles, words, lines, or personal names (such as the elimination of Chellamma’s name from the so-called Kannamma love poems) have been restored to the poet’s original versions.
  • Footnotes provide additional information relating to the poems, the circumstances and events surrounding their composition, and their historic significance.

        The four Volumes of Bharati’s poetry, edited and published by the Mahakavi’s granddaughter, fill a vacuum in Bharati studies by providing the first-ever Standard Edition of C. Subramania Bharati’s Works. It is a primary work of its kind, and supercedes all publication of the poet’s works to-date.

 Volume 1: Desiyam (National Poems)

Bharati was an ardent Indian nationalist, an impassioned advocate of social reform, and a pioneer of the Freedom movement in early twentieth-century South India. He belonged to the extremist party of the Indian National Congress, and worked alongside the great leaders of the Freedom movement, including Tilak, Lajpat Roy, Bipin Chandra Paul, and Sri Aurobindo, from the North; and G. Subramania Iyer, V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva, and Surendranath Arya in the South. Bharati’s contribution was unique – as a journalist and writer, his powerful words kindled passion and patriotism in the hearts of the Tamils. A true visionary, he anticipated freedom and independence for the three hundred million Indians of his day, at a time when the entire world was dominated by British Imperial force and a decline in British power seemed unthinkable. For Bharati, freedom meant freedom at every level – political, social, and personal – and for every individual, irrespective of caste, colour, gender, or religion. Almost a century later, has modern India fully caught up to his ideals?

A Letter to our Friends

Dear Friends :

I have spent the past 42 years of my life  studying my grandfather’s works – reading widely in English literature under the guidance of my husband, P.K. Sundara Rajan – carrying out research in various universities (Annamalai in India, SOAS in London, England, the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada), travelling all over the world lecturing on Bharati’s life and works (India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, France (Paris), the UK, Canada, and the United States), writing books and articles on Bharati, participating in Bharati-vizhas, and Radio and Television programmes on Bharati.

My husband and I developed the important goal of publishing a STANDARD edition of all of Bharati’s works, including both poetry and prose – something which was desired, but never achieved, by Bharati and his wife, Chellamma.  My daughter, Bharati’s great-granddaughter, Dr. Mira T. Sundara Rajan, DPhil (Oxon) (professormira.com), currently supports this undertaking, and will be an active contributor to the blog.

The need for a standard edition is apparent in the very poor quality of Bharati publication, to date. The goal of my Standard Edition is to present my grandfather’s works in a comprehensive, accurate, and error-free form for the reading public, and to provide context and commentary based on my extensive experience as a Bharati scholar – and unparalleled experience as a granddaughter of the Poet, raised by his own wife and daughter!

In 2007, I started my own publishing house called S. Vijaya Bharati Publications and published Vol. 1 of Bharati’s poems, Desiya Githangal, successfully in 2007-08.  I attempted to print the other three volumes later, completing the Standard Edition of all of Bharati’s poetry (Deivam-Thathuvam, Kannan Pattu and Other Poems, Panchali Sabatham, Kuyil Pattu and Vachana Kavithai), in collaboration with publishers in Tamil Nadu. However, I encountered  many problems with publishers and distributors in Tamil Nadu. My “copyright” in the Standard Edition of my grandfather’s works, and my entitlement to any royalty out of the sale of these volumes, were in question!

Now, thanks to new technology, I have decided to return to our original plan, and publish and distribute the Standard Edition  under my own imprint. I am working on this endeavour, and will let you know as Volumes 2, 3, and 4 of Bharati’s poems are published.

In the meantime, I have decided to start a Blog of my own entirely dedicated to Bharati and Bharati-related matters. This goal has been achieved on the auspicious occasion of Bharati’s 130th birthday.

The blog will deal with some of the following matters:

–  new studies and analyses of Bharati-literature

–  analysis of the current literary environment for studying and interpreting Bharati

–  familiarizing the public with Bharati’s prose works

–  introducing new scholarship on Bharati

– the preservation of Bharati-literature

– the copyright and moral rights issues surrounding Bharati’s works.

As part of the work on the Standard Edition, a volume dedicated to  Bharati’s  Spiritual Writings (translations, interpretations, and vyakyanams, on VedasBhagavat GitaPatanjali Yoga SutrasIsavasyopanishad and Kenopanishad) is almost complete.

I hope you will encourage me in my efforts to publish and disseminate Bharati’s works. Please take an interest in this blog, send me your questions and comments, and I will be glad to respond!

Warm regards and thank you for your support.

S. Vijaya Bharati

December 11, 2012